![]() "Capturing the inside structure of a live worm blob was a real challenge," Tuazon said. By placing a live worm blob in nontoxic jelly and using a commercial ultrasound machine, they were finally able to observe the inside of the intricate worm tangles. After much trial and error, they landed on an unexpected solution: ultrasound. Credit: Massachusetts Institute of Technologyīhamla and Tuazon set about to find an imaging technique that would allow them to peer inside the worm blob so they could gather more data. Simulation of worms untangling (left) and tangling (right). But to mathematically quantify the worm tangle structures and model how they braid around each other, Patil and Dunkel needed experimental data. The researchers thought this helical gait pattern might play a role in the worms' ability to tangle and untangle. Patil noticed the worm moved in a figure-eight pattern, turning its head in clockwise and counterclockwise spirals as its body followed. "These worms seemed like a good playground to investigate topological principles in systems made up of filaments."Ī key moment for Patil was when he viewed Tuazon's video of a single worm that had been provoked into the escape response. "Knots and tangles are a fascinating area where physics and mechanics meet some very interesting math," said Patil, co-first author on the paper. ![]() After seeing Tuazon's videos, the two theorists, who specialize in knots and topology, were eager to join. "But to understand this complex and mesmerizing maneuver, I started conducting experiments with only a few worms."īhamla and Tuazon approached MIT mathematicians Jörn Dunkel and Vishal Patil (a graduate student at the time and now a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University) about a collaboration. "I was shocked when I pointed a UV light toward the worm blobs and they dispersed so explosively," Tuazon said. Tuazon, a co-first author of the study, collected videos of his experiments with the worms, including macro videos of the worms' collective dispersal mechanism and microscopic videos of one, two, three, and several worms to capture their movements. "Also, these are not just typical filaments like string, ethernet cables, or spaghetti-these are living, active tangles that are out of equilibrium, which adds a fascinating layer to the question." "We wanted to understand the exact mechanics behind how the worms change their movement dynamics to achieve tangling and ultrafast untangling," Bhamla said. The study also highlights how cross-disciplinary collaboration can answer some of the most perplexing questions in disparate fields.įascinated by the science of ultrafast movement and collective behavior, Bhamla and Harry Tuazon, a graduate student in Bhamla's lab, have studied California blackworms for years, observing how they use collective movement to form blobs and then disperse. Their research, published in Science, could influence the design of fiber-like, shapeshifting robotics that self-assemble and move in ways that are fast and reversible. To investigate, Bhamla and a team of researchers at Georgia Tech linked up with mathematicians at MIT. Saad Bhamla, assistant professor in the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia Tech, wanted to understand precisely how the blackworms execute their tangling and untangling movements. ![]() But, most striking of all, while the worms tangle over a period of several minutes, they can untangle in mere milliseconds, escaping at the first sign of a threat from a predator. With the 60-day money back guarantee, you can rest assured that ZookaWare PC Cleaner will protect your computer.Tiny California blackworms intricately tangle themselves by the thousands to form ball-shaped blobs that allow them to execute a wide range of biological functions. After the scan, click “Take Action.” ZookaWare PC Cleaner will do the rest. Use the ZookaWare PC Cleaner spyware removal tool to completely rid your computer of all spyware. However, since W32.Gobot installs more spyware, if you miss any it will just re-install. Then you could go delete all the files and registry keys related to those infections. You can run the free ZookaWare PC Cleaner scan to find all the infections. Since W32.Gobot is part of a larger family of Trojans, manual removal is near impossible. W32.Gobot steals Windows product IDs and CD keys from a variety of games. W32.Gobot turns off anti-spyware software and other security programs making it difficult to detect. In addition, it appends itself to all exe files in the file sharing folder making spreading even easer. W32.Gobot uses the backdoor opened by Mydoom to further spread. It spreads through file sharing, IRC, and open networks.
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